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儿童--在正确的时间采用正确的治疗方案\n\n如果有畸形或长短腿的迹象，首先要准确地找到问题起因，来避免后续的伤害。对于儿童来说，正确的治疗时间尤其重要，因为有时只有一个小的时间窗口给予治疗机会。不过在大多数情况下，最好等到腿部发育完成后再进行治疗，这样与正常一侧做参照就更能保证精确性。在任何情况下，必须确保在开始治疗前有一个整体治疗方案。没有畸形的短腿，对儿童来说可以使用增高鞋来平衡长度且不会造成任何问题。因此，只有在特殊情况下才需要用外固定器进行早期延长。然而，如果增高鞋的使用出现问题，就应该弄清楚髓内牵引钉是否也可以在骨骼生长期有利地使用。但是，对成长中的儿童中使用髓内牵引钉时，需要考虑很多方面，这时候主治医生的经验是至关重要的。\n\n如果有人建议对“健康”的腿进行骨骺阻滞术（抑制生长），应该对其提出极为严厉的质疑。鉴于新的外科技术发展，需要这样做的适应症非常少。",[],[330],{"_uid":350,"text":351,"component":322,"text_style":352,"component_style":353},"18255a1b-bf44-4c5c-9f7d-2f7e1fe90be8","## 髓内牵引钉的应用对治疗方式是一场革命",[],[],{"_uid":355,"text":356,"component":322,"text_style":357,"component_style":358},"f0a5cee3-f3c3-44a6-bc4a-b67c5f22199c","长短腿会引起慢性背痛，对成年人来说，应该在早期阶段就进行矫正，以避免后期出现不可挽回的损伤。腿长不超过一厘米的差异仍然被认为是生理性的，尽管许多人已经感觉到了身体歪斜。在1至2厘米之间，通常建议长期使用特型鞋垫或增高鞋，这在需要频繁换鞋、穿安全鞋或进行运动的情况下不是一个可接受的选项。腿长矫正手术是一种根治疗法，在专业的治疗中心这是一种安全、低风险的手术。至于缩短长腿或延长短腿哪种更有利，取决于许多因素，比如一侧是否有其他畸形也需要矫正等等。大多数情况下，短腿也会同时有轴线偏移，所以腿部延长与轴线矫正相结合治疗是更完善的解决办法。而这往往是问题所在，因为它的复杂程度没有被认识到或没有得到同等的重视来治疗。得益于ZEM-Germany开发的先进治疗方案和微创手术技术，通过髓内牵引钉在一次手术中就能矫正复杂的畸形和腿短问题。因此，如果有疑问，在决定进行手术之前，请多咨询各方意见。与外固定器相比，在专家手中的髓内牵引钉有压倒性的优势，而且几乎不会留下任何明显的疤痕。",[],[330],{"_uid":360,"image":361,"title":364,"component":337,"copyright":9,"image_style":365,"component_style":367},"328a953a-20fc-40ad-942c-6a0fd1d5e452",{"id":362,"alt":99,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":99,"filename":363,"copyright":99,"fieldtype":11},2214013,"https:\u002F\u002Fa.storyblok.com\u002Ff\u002F56859\u002F750x1422\u002F38ceec266c\u002Ffemur.png","股骨中的FITBONE",[366,339],"max-h-128",[343,342],{"_uid":369,"text":370,"component":322,"text_style":371,"component_style":372},"fdae120c-dcf7-4587-bc27-805efafd2729","## 这一切都取决于外科医生的经验\n\n当其他诊所对这种技术不太熟悉时，ZEM-Germany已经开始将髓内牵引钉做为常规使用。这种领先的经验优势使 ZEM-Germany 成为腿部延长术的首选。但是，从一开始就将整个腿部几何形状和所有几何参数（参见 [腿部几何形状](\u002Fzh\u002Ftui3-bu4-de-ji3-he2-xing2-zhuang4)）纳入手术计划中是至关重要的。负荷轴贯穿下肢关节中心，使负荷均匀分布。畸形会造成关节局部过载，从而导致关节过早磨损。轴线扭曲也是不利的，因为由此产生的剪切力也会使关节过载并损害步态。当使用植入骨骼的髓内牵引钉时，不应忽略任何几何参数。所谓的“简单”延长术是个例外。延长术一直是一种影响整个腿部完整性的干预措施，这需要外科医生有丰富的经验和手术实践。你一生都需要两条健康的、笔直的和等长的腿。只将您的腿交给能够证明他们有足够经验的专家。业务范围广泛的综合性医院在全面的病人医疗服务方面一定做得很好，但他们是否在肢体矫正和重建手术这一特殊领域具有足够的经验，需要仔细考查。",[],[330],{"_uid":374,"image":375,"title":378,"component":337,"copyright":9,"image_style":379,"component_style":380},"952378e2-04c5-4fba-afa1-8cb2fcde3f96",{"id":376,"alt":9,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":9,"filename":377,"copyright":9,"fieldtype":11},1773073,"https:\u002F\u002Fa.storyblok.com\u002Ff\u002F56859\u002F2860x1644\u002Fa34a94381e\u002Fcase1_5.jpg","大腿（股骨）延长术的过程",[],[],{"_uid":382,"text":383,"component":322,"text_style":384,"component_style":385},"dfc68926-fd2f-45af-b683-74a66da440dc","## 牵引--身体自身的新骨头产生了",[],[],{"_uid":387,"text":388,"component":322,"text_style":389,"component_style":390},"64cd2997-d9ec-400f-82ab-43a870f2a461","与外固定器相比，使用髓内牵引钉时，除了仍需达到的长度外，通往最终结果的道路在手术中就已不可逆转地确定。尽管如此，随后的牵引阶段也需要全面的关注。现在，切开的骨头每天被拉开大约1毫米，以便新的自体骨组织能够在扩大的缝隙中形成。FITBONE髓内牵引钉只需要一个轻巧的控制装置来激活，使用起来很是方便。电磁波可以毫无问题地透过身体组织，因此，每天3次的能量输入只需要90秒，而且完全没有痛苦。只有牵引过程对邻近关节的压力增加才会导致暂时的疼痛，特别是在晚上。新形成的，属于自身的骨骼在密实后与正常自然生长的骨骼没有区别，所以在完成治疗后就可以完全负重和参与运动。\n\n你可以阅读关于治疗的更多细节[这里](\u002Fzh\u002Fzhi4-liao2)。",[],[330],{"_uid":392,"image":393,"title":397,"component":337,"copyright":9,"image_style":398,"component_style":399},"a0931ba3-7804-496d-99fe-8bb24cfe6fb9",{"id":394,"alt":9,"_uid":395,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":9,"filename":396,"copyright":9,"fieldtype":11},1917873,"f5b905fa-d162-4b5d-b6d8-6f4eeeaf1bbf","https:\u002F\u002Fa.storyblok.com\u002Ff\u002F56859\u002F503x503\u002Fcbc20064ed\u002Fnarbe.jpg","膝盖骨下方的疤痕几乎看不见",[],[342],{"_uid":401,"title":78,"stories":402,"component":442},"60546f56-bfe3-4902-85f6-843c89ae7a98",[403,412,420,428,434],{"uuid":404,"full_slug":405,"content":406},"aeb0e97e-767d-4304-9e5e-263fe8ecda31","zh\u002Fan4-li4-yan2-jiu1\u002Fxian1-tian1-xing4-tui3-bu4-guo4-duan3",{"_uid":407,"_editable":-1,"image":408,"intro":411,"meta_title":255},"afeb174a-53c1-4757-838f-18a9d18869f2",{"id":409,"alt":99,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":99,"filename":410,"copyright":99,"fieldtype":11},1773049,"https:\u002F\u002Fa.storyblok.com\u002Ff\u002F56859\u002F1844x3688\u002Fbf112d971e\u002Fcase1_1.jpg","一名12岁的患者，大腿先天性过短超过4厘米，并伴有外翻畸形（X型腿）。",{"uuid":413,"full_slug":414,"content":415},"bbe30671-7d75-4887-ae69-7486b7ec05a3","zh\u002Fan4-li4-yan2-jiu1\u002Fxian1-tian1-xing4-tui3-bu4-guo4-duan3-2",{"_uid":407,"_editable":-1,"image":416,"intro":419,"meta_title":258},{"id":417,"alt":99,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":99,"filename":418,"copyright":99,"fieldtype":11},1773078,"https:\u002F\u002Fa.storyblok.com\u002Ff\u002F56859\u002F1842x3682\u002F1b72f797e4\u002Fcase2_1.jpg","一名16岁的女性患者在骨骼生长期完成后出现了5.5厘米的先天性短缺，影响到了大腿和小腿。",{"uuid":421,"full_slug":422,"content":423},"c54e7280-5fd9-4983-9d2b-1f361a29926c","zh\u002Fan4-li4-yan2-jiu1\u002Fshi4-gu4-hou4-tui3-bu4-bian4-duan3",{"_uid":407,"_editable":-1,"image":424,"intro":427,"meta_title":267},{"id":425,"alt":99,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":99,"filename":426,"copyright":99,"fieldtype":11},1773098,"https:\u002F\u002Fa.storyblok.com\u002Ff\u002F56859\u002F910x1820\u002F57441f619f\u002Fcase3_5.jpg","一名26岁的患者在一次摩托车事故中遭受开放式小腿骨折。",{"uuid":429,"full_slug":430,"content":431},"10639b74-dbd9-4f3e-ba7b-f33f65aa4ee9","zh\u002Fan4-li4-yan2-jiu1\u002Fshi4-gu4-dao3-zhi4-de-tui3-bu4-guo4-duan3-2",{"_uid":407,"_editable":-1,"image":432,"intro":433,"meta_title":270},{"id":334,"alt":99,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":99,"filename":335,"copyright":99,"fieldtype":11},"一名27岁的女性患者在12岁时发生了股骨骨折。",{"uuid":435,"full_slug":436,"content":437},"9f97f6e1-298a-48ca-a833-8b7caba67267","zh\u002Fan4-li4-yan2-jiu1\u002Fyin1-ji2-bing4-dao3-zhi4-de-tui3-bu4-guo4-duan3",{"_uid":407,"_editable":-1,"image":438,"intro":441,"meta_title":273},{"id":439,"alt":99,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":99,"filename":440,"copyright":99,"fieldtype":11},1773123,"https:\u002F\u002Fa.storyblok.com\u002Ff\u002F56859\u002F1790x3580\u002F6a6680fc86\u002Fcase5_1.jpg","一名17岁的女性患者在儿童时期患脊髓灰质炎后，在国外用环形固定器进行了容易引起并发症的治疗后出现了严重的并发症。","Reference",{"id":444,"alt":99,"name":9,"focus":99,"title":99,"filename":445,"copyright":99,"fieldtype":11},2692145,"https:\u002F\u002Fa.storyblok.com\u002Ff\u002F56859\u002F6083x3089\u002F4bb8484f2a\u002Ffitbone_femur.png","腿部过短--先天性的、与生长有关的或由于事故造成的--无论是否有其他畸形，都可以用电动髓内牵引钉进行有利和安全的矫正。在这里，患者自身的骨骼被刺激生长，且以后不再与自然生长的骨骼有任何区别。","Page",[],[],"腿短的成因，可以是先天性的，生长过程中造成的，或者是意外发生造成的结果。ZEM-Germany具备高水平的腿部延长专家。","beinverlaengerung","zh\u002Fzhi4-liao2-fan4-wei2\u002Ftui3-yan2-zhang3-shu4",10,[455],"ToDo",780693,"1905d126-2ee8-4580-8b0d-cb6e207798bd","2021-05-17T15:59:52.000Z",[],"spezialgebiete\u002Fbeinverlaengerung",[462,466,470,474,478],{"path":463,"name":464,"lang":465,"published":21},"expertise\u002Fleg-lengthening","Leg 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